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Uwajima Ushi-oni Festival
is a purification event held annually July 22-24 in Uwajima, Ehime prefecture, Japan. It derives from an incident in the Japanese invasions of Korea in which Toyotomi Hideyoshi tried invaded Korea. The invasion was carried out twice. The first invasion was called Siege of Jinju (1592). Japan was succeeded first invasion of Korea so Japanese soldier tried to expand their territory more. In 1593, the second invasion carried out but Japan failed in the invasion of Korea. In 1598, Japanese invasions of Korea was ended in failure.〔 Ri Jin Hi and Kan Je On, ''Nittyo Kōryushi'', 110-115 〕
The festival has many events like the Ushi-oni parade and fighting as well as fireworks and dancing.〔 Hirotami Kinoshita, ''Yatsujika odorito Ushi-oni '', 189〕
== History ==
There are a variety of views about the origin. According to ''Nihon gaishi'' (unofficial history in Japan) written by Raisanyō in 1880s, in the second Siege of Jinju (1593), Toyotomi Hideyoshi commanded Katō Kiyomasa to invasion of Korea.〔 Hirotami Kinoshita, ''Yatsujika odorito Ushi-oni '', 149-150 〕 Toyotomi Hideyoshi was a daimyo, warrior, general and politician of the Sengoku period in Japan and Katō Kiyomasa was famous liegeman of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The reason was Toyotomi Hideyoshi commanded to Korea twice is the breakdown in negotiations between Korea and Japan.〔 Ri Jin Hi and Kan Je On, ''Nittyo Kōryushi'', 114 〕
In 1593 June, Katō Kiyomasa attacked the Jinju castle in Korea. When Ushi-oni was useful. Katō Kiyomasa and Japanese soldier made a tortoise shell cart. Japanese soldier could hide by entering a tortoise shell cart so that they can save themselves for arrows and stones. As the result, Katō Kiyomasa and Japanese soldier attacked a behind castle and they could collapsed for castle. The tortoise shell cart was wrapped hard board and cowhide. The tortoise shell cart had fake cow head on top and the face look angry. Consequently, it called Ushi-oni. Now, the Ushi-oni is essential for Uwajima festival and it became familiar existence for Uwajima citizen.〔 Hirotami Kinoshita, ''Yatsujika odorito Ushi-oni '', 148-150 〕
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